RESTRA

Penyelesaian Mid Test S-3 Mata Kuliah PERENCANAAN STRATEGIK Dosen : Prof .Dr. Efendi Napitupulu, M.Pd OLEH: Nur Aisyah ; NIM : 8136114018 PASCA SARJANA MANAJEMEN PENDIDIKAN - S3 UNIMED 2013 Mid Test Subject :Strategic Planning TAKE HOME EXAM Lecture : Prof. Dr. Efendi Napitupulu, M.Pd (napitupuluefendi@gmail.com) Date : 2013 Okt. 19 Completion: 1. The Meaning of : a. Need assessment is a systematic method for identifying goals to targets for programmatic change 'Needs assessment may include observations, tests interviews, questionnaires, and other sources of input is an important first step and fundamental in developing or revising a course through identification of needs (identification of needs) a rigorous and systematic and can provide direction for the development of education and training programs to produce a program representative and relevant to the needs of the community, so it needs to be programmed that must be considered by program planners ("a process for identifying programmatic needs that must be addressed by curriculum planners). b. Cohort analysis is a multiple cross-sectional design in which the population is the cohort whose members undergo all the same events in the same time period (eg births). Samples are usually taken at regular time intervals. c. Task analysis is the process of analyzing and describing how humans perform the task may account for the job, to explain what is being done and the equipment used, and the things you need to know in an analysis, and checking for user tasks know well what is needed from the user interface and how they are responsible for its use. d . Self-evaluation is the assessment carried out to evaluate their own performance , strengths , and weaknesses alone , or process in which organizations - organizations evaluating or assessing employee performance and can improve decision - making personnel department and provide feedback to employees about their operations . e . Balanced score card management system is a mechanism that is able to translate the organization's vision and strategy into real action on the ground and an approach to management strategy is developed that consists of a balanced and scorecard . Or a multi - dimensional framework that links strategy , goals, objectives , and measurements are balanced against the whole perspective or areas deemed important to the organization ( cost , customer service , efficient internal work processes , organizational development for the future ) . And which connects all levels of the organization to each other by using the link " targets and measurements " her with the facilitation of communication about strategy and priorities to all levels of the organization and encourage all parts of the organization to work toward a broader mission objectives as well as to monitor the Service Level Agreement , both with internal parties would also external . Balanced (balanced) means that there is a balance between financial performance and non-financial, short-term performance and long-term performance, the performance of the internal and external performance. While the scorecard (score card) card is used to record a person's performance score is used to plan the score to be realized by a person in the future. f. SWOT Analysis is a pretty decent tool to understand and make decisions for the entire organization and the situation is a good guideline for reviewing strategy, position and direction of an organization, and can use business planning, strategic planning, competitor evaluation, marketing, and product development seed, in addition to help in reporting research results and serves to group strategic issues in the four components of a SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Challenges / Threat) SWOT Analysis Chart g. Environmental analysis that is used in sorting analysis of global issues facing the company in the form, function and relationship between parts implemented in two stages, namely: (1) analysis of the internal environment, which includes strengths and weaknesses and faced by the region and (2) analysis external environment with two main components include opportunities and challenges / threats. h. Economic Value Added is an estimate of the economic benefits of an enterprise to achieve the value created over the desired rate of return investors the company (being shareholders and debt holders) and see the profits earned by the company reduced the cost of capital financing company. i. Milestone is a significant point that a regulator to indicate the distance in miles from a given point and is an important event to make benchmarks in one's career, the history of the nation, or the advancement of knowledge in the field, a turning point. 2. The main elements of the strategic planning system is 1. Vision, Mission 2. Objectives 3. Strategies 4. Policies The set of managerial decisions and actions that Determines the long-run performance of a corporation. It includes: 1. Environmental scanning (internal & external) 2. Strategy formulation 3. Strategy implementation 4. Evaluation and control How to implement organizational elements mentioned is to: 1. Clearer sense of strategic vision 2. Sharper focus on what is important Strategically 3. Improved understanding of Rapidly changing environment 3 . Developing a model that shows relationships element in the strategic choice of the strategic planning process is to • Analysis ; Attempts to analyze the implications of the terms of the strategic planning process for the formation of the early models of software systems . • Design; This stage involves a detailed definition of output , input and Strategic planning, procedures , including data structures and databases , software structure , etc. • Coding : at this stage , the design is translated into the code in the coding required strategic planning of quality assurance activities such as inspections , unit tests and integration tests . • System test : Test the system after the coding phase is completed . The main purpose of the testing is to find software errors which proceed ked -style strategic planning . The meaning of this model is ‪ 1 . Is assumed to possess pressures and constraints that Determine the strategies ‪ that would result in above-average returns ‪ 2 . Most firms competing within a particular industry or within a certain segment ‪ of it are assumed to control Similar Strategically relevant resources and to ‪ Similar pursue strategies in light of those resources ‪ 3 . Resources used to implement strategies are highly mobile across firms ‪ Organizational decision makers are assumed to be rational and committed to ‪ acting in the firm 's best interests , as shown by their profit - maximizing ‪ behaviors 4. The definition of a program are: According Binanto (2009:1) said programs and programming can be interpreted as follows: 1. Describe the individual instructions that are usually called the source code created by the programmer. 2. Describe an entire section of the executable software. 3. Program is a set or collection of written instructions made by the programmer or a part of a software executable. 4. Programming means making the computer program. Programming is a set sequence of commands to the computer to do something. These commands require a separate language that can be understood by the computer Another definition According Yulikuspartono (2009:29) argues that, "the program is a series of instructions or statements in a language understood by the computer in question", According Sugiyono (2005:21) is "a set of instructions in a computer language arranged in a logical and systematic". Performance evaluation is a measurement of the level of success in performing the tasks and the ability to achieve the stated goals and the achievements of a person in carrying out their duties or work in accordance with the standards and criteria established for the job. Measuring Performance in the approach is to: a. Comparative approach, an approach that requires assessors to compare the performance of individuals with other individuals. Comparative approach that includes, among others: i. Ranking ii. Forced distribution (distribution imposed) iii. Paired comparison (benchmarking pairs. b. Attribute approach, an approach that focuses on the extent to which an individual has a particular attribute (characteristic or trait) is believed to be necessary for the success of the company. The technique used in this approach tend to establish a set of properties (such as initiative, leadership and ability to compete / competitiveness) and assess individuals on these properties. c. Behavioral approach, an approach that seeks to define the behavior of employees in the work to be effective, the technique depends on the behavioral approach include: 1. Critical Incident (critical incidents) 2. Behavioral Anchored Rating Scale (based on behavioral rating scale) 3. Behavioral Observation Scales (associated with behavioral observation scale) 4. Management By Objectives (Management by Objectives / MBO), this approach is commonly used to take more professional and managerial employees. Achievement of those objectives is one of the individual performance measures. There are three criteria in assessing individual performance, namely: (a) the individual tasks; (b) an individual's behavior, and (c) the individual characteristics Useful to consider the concept of the program in developing a strategy for an organization because the concept of the program is policy strategy formulation, strategy implementation and evaluation strategy, which is used as a tool for consideration of each program. 5. Program / project evaluation process is ideal to serve as a factor for integration as a strategic choice of organizational structure. Because the program is a plan that has a specific period Strategic program criteria of the program and the potential for the project to be "effective" with: a. Establish long-term goals to achieve competitive advantage. b. Which makes the adaptive response to conditions that will come. c. Conducting ongoing ever-increasing. d. Customer oriented e. Is a motivating force for the organizers and the community f. Always starts from the opportunities and threats, strengths and weaknesses g. Always go from what could happen and not what happens h. Making the concept and art blend in formulating, implementing and evaluating in order to achieve organizational goals. Thank you for attention

Proposal Disertasi S3 Manajemen Kependidikan Universitas Medan ( UNIMED)

Peranan Sistem Pendidikan Tinggi yang  Ber-Character sebagai Aplikasi Sistem dan UU Sisdiknas

By. Nur Aisyah,SE,MM

NIDN. 0109106701

ABSTRACT

Studi tentang karakter dan pengembangannya dalam sistem pendidikan jarak jauh (SPJJ) masih merupakan ikhtiar yang baru intensif dilakukan sejak periode 2000 an. Sekalipun demikian, berbagai studi memperlihatkan kecenderungan yang jelas pada 4 pengembangan karakter, yaitu karakter kinerja, relasional, moral, dan spiritual. Pengembangan keempat karakter tersebut direfleksikan dan terintegrasi di dalam berbagai konteks penggunaan desain dan medium teknologi , dan sekaligus menjadi karakteristik atau ciri khas dalam studi dan pengembangan karakter pada Proses Belajar Mengajar (PBM ) Mahasiswa.

Tulisan ini akan meninjau berbagai studi tentang karakter dan pengembangannya dalam konteks ber- karakter dan beberapa ikhtiar yang telah dilakukan oleh institusi dalam pengembangan karakter.

I. PENDAHULUAN

1.1.Latar Belakang

Pendidikan tinggi terdiri dari (1) pendidikan akademik yang memiliki fokus dalam penguasaan ilmu pengetahuan dan (2) pendidikan vokasi yang menitikberatkan pada persiapan lulusan untuk mengaplikasikan keahliannya.

Institusi Pendidikan Tinggi yang menawarkan pendidikan akademik dan vokasi dapat dibedakan berdasarkan jenjang dan program studi yang ditawarkan seperti akademi, politeknik, sekolah tinggi, institut dan universitas.

Akademi adalah perguruan tinggi yang menyelenggarakan program pendidikan vokasi dalam satu cabang atau sebagian cabang ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi atau kesenian tertentu. Sedangkan Politeknik adalah perguruan tinggi yang menyelenggarakan program pendidikan profesional dalam sejumlah bidang pengetahuan khusus. Kedua bentuk pendidikan tinggi ini menyediakan pendidikan pada level diploma. Contoh pendidikan tinggi seperti ini adalah Akademi Bahasa dan Politeknik Pertanian.

Sekolah Tinggi adalah perguruan tinggi yang menyelenggarakan pendidikan vokasi dan akademik dalam lingkup satu disiplin ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi atau kesenian tertentu. Oleh karena itu, sekolah Tinggi ini menawarkan pendidikan baik pada level diploma maupun sarjana. Namun, ketika sebuah sekolah tinggi memenuhi persyaratan mereka dapat menawarkan pendidikan tingkat lanjut setelah level sarjana. Sekolah Tinggi ilmu Komputer merupakan salah satu contoh dari jenis pendidikan tinggi ini.

Institut dan Universitas adalah institusi perguruan tinggi yang menyediakan pendidikan tinggi yang mengarah kepada level sarjana. Institut menawarkan pendidikan akademik dan/atau vokasi dalam kelompok disiplin ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi dan/atau seni tertentu. Disisi lain, Universitas menawarkan pendidikan akademik dan/atau vokasi dalam berbagai kelompok disiplin ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi dan/atau seni. Institusi pendidikan tinggi ini dapat juga melayani pendidikan pada level profesional. Institut Seni adalah salah satu contohnya.

II. Rumusan/Tujuan

Jenjang Pendidikan  dan Syarat Belajar
Institusi pendidikan tinggi menawarkan berbagai jenjang pendidikan baik berupa pendidikan akademis maupun pendidikan vokasi. Perguruan tinggi yang memberikan pendidikan akademis dapat menawarkan jenjang pendidikan Sarjana, Program Profesi, Magister (S2), Program Spesialis (SP) dan Program Doktoral. Sedangkan pendidikan vokasi menawarkan program Diploma I, II, II dan IV.

Untuk menyelesaikan pendidikan Sarjana (S1), seorang mahasiswa diwajibkan untuk mengambil 144-160 Satuan Kredit Semester (SKS) yang diambil selama delapan  sampai dua belas semester. Pada jenjang S2 atau program Pasca Sarjana, seorang mahasiswa harus menyelesaikan 39 sampai 50 SKS selama kurun waktu empat sampai sepuluh semester dan 79 samapi 88 SKS harus diselesaikan dalam jangka waktu delapan samapi empat belas semester bagi program doktoral.

PEMBAHASAN

Metode Pembelajaran dan Jadwal Akademik
Pendidikan tinggi dapat diterapkan dalam beberapa bentuk: reguler atau tatap muka dan pendidikan jarak jauh. Pendidikan reguler diterapkan dengan menggunakan komunikasi langsung diantara dosen dan mahasiswa, sedangkan pendidikan jarak jauh dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan berbagai jenis media komunikasi seperti surat menyurat, radio, audio/video, televisi, dan jaringan computer.

Baik pendidikan reguler maupun pendidikan jarak jauh memulai aktivitas akademis atau  jadwal akademikpada bulan September setiap tahunnya. Satu tahun akademik terbagi atas minimal dua semester yang terdiri dari setidak-tidaknya 16 minggu. Institusi pendidikan tinggi juga dapat melangsungkan semester pendek diantara dua semester reguler.

Penerimaan mahasiswa pada perguruan tinggi didasarkan atas beberapa persyaratan dan prosedur serta objek penyeleksian yang tidak diskriminatif. Hal tersebut diatur oleh Senat masing-masing institusi pendidikan tinggi. Penerimaan mahasiswa merupakan tanggung jawab dari masing-masing perguruan tinggi.

Calon mahasiswa D1,D2,D3,D4 dan S1 harus menamatkan pendidikan menengah atas atau yang sederajat dan lulus pada ujian masuk masing-masing perguruan tinggi. Kandidat mahasiswa S2 harus memiliki ijazah Sarjana (S1) atau yang sederajat dan lulus ujian seleksi masuk perguruan tinggi. Untuk S3, Mahasiswa harus memiliki Ijazah S2 atau yang sederajat dan lulus seleksi.

Secara historis, sistem pendidikan jarak jauh (SPJJ) telah digunakan dan dikembangkan sejak tahun 1800an, dan mulai digunakan pada jenjang pendidikan tinggi sekitar tahun 1850an. Universitas di dunia yang pertama kali menerapkan SPJJ adalah University of Chicago. Kini, SPJJ

telah diakui sebagai ’disiplin ilmiah’ dengan landasan filosofi, teori, dan praktik yang sudah

mapan (Holmberg, 1986; Keegan, 1990). 

Gelar S2
Gelar S2 ditawarkan dalam 2 jenis, Akademik atau Profesional. Program gelar S2 tersedia di bidang yang beragam.

• Program S2 biasanya berlangsung selama 2 tahun di bidang tertentu.
• Gelar S2 Akademik termasuk: Master of Arts (MA) dan Master of Science (MS).
• Gelar S2 Profesional antara lain: Master of Business Administration (MBA), Master of Education (MeD), Master of Social Work (MSW) dan lainnya.
• Sebagai salah satu syarat penerimaan program S2, siswa harus lulus ujian GRE. Siswa yang ingin mengambil program MBA harus lulus ujian GMAT.  

 

Gelar S3
Program S3 meliputi proses belajar lanjutan di tingkat yang lebih tinggi, mengikuti seminar, menulis skripsi, untuk melatih siswa menjadi ahli riset yang kemudian akan mengajar disiplin ilmu tertentu di college atau universitas.

• Minimum durasi untuk program ini adalah 3 tahun.
• Sebagai salah satu syarat penerimaan, siswa harus lulus ujian GRE ®  untuk mengikuti program graduate.
• Setelah berhasil lulus dari program ini, siswa akan mendapatkan gelar Doctor of Philosophy (PhD).

 

Dalam konteks penelitian berbasis internet, kebijakan institusional dapat dilakukan melalui: (1)

fasilitasi secara psikologis, geografis, waktu, dan lain-lain, terhadap peneliti, subjek penelitian,

praktisi, dan/atau non-peneliti PJJ atas signifikansi kode etik dalam penelitian; (2) internalisasi

dan lokalisasi publikasi ilmiah; (3) perlindungan atas independensi dan otonomi peneliti; serta

(4) penegakan profesionalisme multibahasa sebagai aset di era global melalui pembinaan

integritas personal atas kejujuran akademik dan dorongan untuk melakukan kerjasama

akademik (Demiray & Sharma, 2008).

Daftar Pustaka

  The educational System in Germany, The The educational System in Germany, The Dual System: Part-time  Vocational Education, The Development and Implementation of Education Standards in Germany, Archived information 1999, 2012. (http://www.ed.Gove/ pubs/German Case study/ chapter 2nd,html).

  Undang-Undang RI No.14 tahun 2005 Tentang Guru dan Dosen, Bandung: Citra Umbara, 2006.

  Undang-Undang RI Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 Tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional, Bandung: Fokusmedia, 2003.